{"id":234608,"date":"2021-06-28T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-06-28T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/mokslinis-autofagijos-paaiskinimas\/"},"modified":"2025-09-19T09:47:13","modified_gmt":"2025-09-19T08:47:13","slug":"mokslinis-autofagijos-paaiskinimas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/lt-lt\/mokslinis-autofagijos-paaiskinimas\/","title":{"rendered":"Paprastas mokslinis autofagijos paai\u0161kinimas \u2013 pla\u010diau apie populiarias badavimo dietas"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n<p>Protarpinis badavimas buvo pati populiariausia dieta 2020 m. Nesvarbu, ar jie laik\u0117si 16:8, ar 5:2 metodo, ar tiesiog badavo darbo dienomis, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/intermittent-fasting-is-now-the-1-diet-in-the-us-and-fast-bar-is-the-only-brand-specifically-formulated-to-curb-hunger-without-breaking-your-fast-301177033.html#:~:text=19%2C%202020%20%2FPRNewswire%2F%20%2D%2D,in%20the%20past%2024%20months.\" rel=\"noopener\">17 milijon\u0173 amerikie\u010di\u0173 prisijung\u0117 prie \u0161ios mados<\/a>. Kaip ir vis\u0173 kit\u0173 diet\u0173 atveju, \u017emon\u0117s ir \u012f\u017eymyb\u0117s tiesiog u\u017etvind\u0117 Instagram savo s\u0117km\u0117s istorijomis, su\u017eav\u0117jusiomis ir u\u017ekabinusiomis visus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bet ar kada susim\u0105st\u0117te, <strong>kas vyksta j\u016bs\u0173 k\u016bne, kai laikot\u0117s protarpinio badavimo?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ar suprantate, <strong>kaip moksli\u0161kai veikia autofagija ir badavimas?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0160iandien esu pasiruo\u0161\u0119s moksli\u0161kai paai\u0161kinti autofagij\u0105 ir protarpin\u012f badavim\u0105, kad j\u016bs\u0173 \u012f\u017evalgos apie tai, kas vyksta j\u016bs\u0173 k\u016bne, b\u016bt\u0173 100% teisingos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Kas yra autofagija?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/lt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Autofagija\" rel=\"noopener\">Autofagija<\/a> kilo i\u0161 \u017eod\u017ei\u0173 \u201eauto\u201c ir \u201efagija\u201c, kurie graik\u0173 kalboje rei\u0161kia \u201epaties\u201c ir \u201evalgyti\u201c. Tad <em>juos sujungus, autofagija rei\u0161kia \u201evalgyti save\u201c<\/em>. Tai &#8211; sav\u0119s kanibalizmas, bet NE blog\u0105ja prasme. Tai nat\u016bralus k\u016bno b\u016bdas atsikratyti mirusi\u0173, pa\u017eeist\u0173 ir sen\u0173 l\u0105steli\u0173, kurio d\u0117ka galima gaminti ir atnaujinti naujas, sveikas l\u0105steles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Kaip mes vis\u0105 laik\u0105 esame \u012fstrig\u0119 puotos b\u016bsenoje<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Per 2 milijonus evoliucijos, prasid\u0117jusios \u017emon\u0117ms atsiskyrus nuo be\u017ed\u017eioni\u0173, met\u0173, buvo laik\u0173, kai m\u016bs\u0173 aplinkoje buvo gausu maisto. Ta\u010diau buvo ir laik\u0173, kai maisto tr\u016bko. \u0160iais laikais, bent did\u017eiojoje dalyje i\u0161sivys\u010diusio pasaulio, galite gauti begal\u0119 kalorij\u0173 bet kuriuo paros metu. Taigi, \u012fprastame gyvenime mes nebepatiriame <strong>pasninkavimo ir badavimo b\u016bsen\u0173<\/strong> taip kaip anks\u010diau. Prie\u0161ingai &#8211; <strong>mes visam laikui \u012fstrigome \u201epuotos b\u016bsenoje\u201c.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Problema tame, kad mes i\u0161sivyst\u0117me, kad i\u0161gyventume tiek puot\u0105, tiek bad\u0105, tad m\u016bs\u0173 k\u016bnai veikia geriausiai, kai patiria abu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Kai turime pakankamai maisto, k\u016bno l\u0105stel\u0117s gali augti ir daugintis. Bet kai negauname pakankamai maisto, m\u016bs\u0173 k\u016bnas gali \u012fjungti \u201emetabolin\u012f jungtuk\u0105\u201c (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.intelligentlabs.org\/the-science-of-autophagy\/#references\">1<\/a>), kuris sustiprina l\u0105steli\u0173 atsak\u0105 \u012f stres\u0105.<\/li><li>Tai l\u0105stel\u0117s daro skaidydamos senas ir pa\u017eeistas l\u0105stel\u0117s dalis, jas atnaujindamos ir regeneruodamos bei paspartindamos antioksidant\u0173 gamyb\u0105.<\/li><li>Suskaidytos l\u0105steli\u0173 dalys gali b\u016bti panaudotos nauj\u0173 l\u0105steli\u0173 dali\u0173 arba energijos gamybai.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Idealiai, sveikam \u017emogui reikia gero balanso tarp abiej\u0173.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Protarpinio badavimo privalumai ir tr\u016bkumai<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>PRIVALUMAI<\/strong>: Per ilgas puotavimas ir pa\u017eeisti baltymai bei kitos l\u0105stel\u0117s dalys gali kauptis bei sutrikdyti tinkam\u0105 l\u0105steli\u0173 veikl\u0105. L\u0105stel\u0117s sudaro visk\u0105 m\u016bs\u0173 k\u016bnuose, tad ilgainiui sutrinka visa organizmo veikla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>TR\u016aKUMAI<\/strong>: Visgi, per ilgas badavimas taip pat gali sukelti problem\u0173, nes praleisime per daug laiko skaidydami ir atnaujindami savo l\u0105steles, nesukurdami energijos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I\u0161 ties\u0173 turime subalansuoti abi funkcijas. Tai mums leid\u017eia protarpinis badavimas, kurio d\u0117ka galime imituoti badavim\u0105 ir nesunkiai j\u012f suderinti su puotavimu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>MTOR prie\u0161 autofagij\u0105<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Puotavimo<\/strong> ir <strong>badavimo<\/strong> balansas paskatina du prie\u0161ingus l\u0105stelinius procesus, visada vykstan\u010dius m\u016bs\u0173 k\u016bnuose &#8211; <strong>mTOR<\/strong> ir <strong>autofagij\u0105<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>mTOR \u2013 fermentas, Velyk\u0173 sala ir kult\u016brist\u0173 svajon\u0117!<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Vis\u0173 pirma, <strong>mTOR yra augimo procesas. <\/strong>mTOR rei\u0161kia \u201emechanistinis rapamicino taikinys\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pavadinimas juokingas, bet tam yra puiki prie\u017eastis. Jis buvo pavadintas <strong>dirvos bakterija, kuri pirm\u0105 kart\u0105 buvo atrasta ekspedicijos \u012f Velyk\u0173 sal\u0105 met\u0173, <\/strong>1960 m. Velyk\u0173 sala &#8211; sala Ramiajame vandenyne, nuo \u010cil\u0117s krant\u0173 nutolusi apie 3200 km, \u017einoma d\u0117l savo Pasaulio Paveldo s\u0105ra\u0161e esan\u010di\u0173 1000 senovini\u0173 skulpt\u016br\u0173. Velyk\u0173 sala taip pat \u017einoma d\u0117l <strong>salos gyventoj\u0173 Rapa Nui, tad rapamicino bakterija pavadinta Rapa Nui salos garbei.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>mTOR<\/strong> n\u0117ra dirvos bakterija. <strong>I\u0161 ties\u0173, tai fermentas, gaminamas m\u016bs\u0173 k\u016bnuose.<\/strong> Ta\u010diau dirvo\u017eemio bakterija rapamicinas skatina mTOR veikl\u0105, tad \u0161is fermentas tapo \u017einomas kaip rapamicino \u201etaikinys\u201c. Stimuliuojant \u0161\u012f ferment\u0105, l\u0105stel\u0117s pradeda augti, tad baltym\u0173 gamyba ir dauginimasis vyksta grei\u010diau. <strong>Kult\u016bristai ir kiti j\u0117gos atletai, bandantys kiek \u012fmanoma labiau tai stimuliuoti, puikiai \u017eino mTOR.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Autofagija &#8211; mokslinis badavimo diet\u0173 paai\u0161kinimas&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Prie\u0161ingas mTOR procesas yra vadinamas <strong>autofagija, kurios metu l\u0105stel\u0117s pradeda ardyti senas ir pa\u017eeistas dalis.<\/strong> Kadangi \u0161ie procesai yra absoliu\u010dios prie\u0161ingyb\u0117s, skatinant mTOR, autofagija yra atitinkamai sul\u0117t\u0117jusi, o pagreit\u0117jus autofagijai, mTOR yra l\u0117ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Kaip tiksliai vyksta autofagija?&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Autofagijos metu, l\u0105stel\u0117s formuoja specialias strukt\u016bras, vadinamas fagoforais.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Fagoforai yra l\u0117tai augan\u010dios membranos, sudaran\u010dios rutulio form\u0105, padengt\u0105 membrana.<\/li><li>Membrana sudaryta i\u0161 fosfolipidinio dvisluoksnio.<\/li><li>Fosfolipidai yra i\u0161 riebal\u0173 sudarytos molekul\u0117s, o fosfolopidinis dvisluoksnis dengia visas m\u016bs\u0173 l\u0105steli\u0173 organeles bei pa\u010dias l\u0105steles &#8211; visus 20 milijard\u0173!<\/li><li>L\u0105steli\u0173 organel\u0117s l\u0105stel\u0117je atlieka skirtingas funkcijas ir yra \u0161iek tiek pana\u0161ios \u012f skirtingus organus m\u016bs\u0173 k\u016bne.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"615\" src=\"https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-05-7-1024x615.jpeg\" alt=\"autofagijos faz\u0117s\n\" class=\"wp-image-234539\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-05-7-1024x615.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-05-7-300x180.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-05-7-768x461.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-05-7-600x360.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-05-7.jpeg 1413w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Fagoforo susidarymas<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rutuliui, arba fagoforui, formuojantis, jis juda po l\u0105stel\u0119. Jis surenka baltymus ir kitas organeles, pa\u017eym\u0117tas <strong>specialiu markeriu<\/strong>, nurodan\u010diu fagoforui, kad jas reikia suardyti. \u0160is specialus markeris vadinamas <strong>ubikitinu<\/strong>. Tad fagoforas keliauja po l\u0105stel\u0119 bei renka visus ubikitinu pa\u017eym\u0117tus baltymus ir organeles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Fagoforo susidarymas baigiasi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tada membrana pilnai padengia baltymus ir organeles. Tam \u012fvykus, strukt\u016bros pavadinimas i\u0161 fagoforo pasikei\u010dia \u012f <strong>autofagosom\u0105<\/strong>. Tada min\u0117toji fagosoma juda link lizosomos ir su ja susijungia. Lizosoma yra organel\u0117, kuri\u0105 galite \u012fsivaizduoti kaip l\u0105stel\u0117s skrand\u012f, nors tai ir ne visai tikslu, nes l\u0105stel\u0117je yra daug lizosom\u0173!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Visgi, lygiai kaip ir m\u016bs\u0173 skrandyje, lizosomos turinys yra r\u016bg\u0161tinis, o jose yra vir\u0161kinimo fermentai, skaidantys baltymus ir organeles. Suskaid\u017eius \u012f atskiras amino r\u016bg\u0161tis, jie ir v\u0117l gali b\u016bti panaudoti nauj\u0173 baltym\u0173, organeli\u0173 ir net l\u0105steli\u0173 gamybai. Be to, kepenyse vykstan\u010dios gliukoneogenez\u0117s metu, jie gali b\u016bti naudojami energijos gamybai. Amino r\u016bg\u0161tys, naudojamos nauj\u0173 l\u0105steli\u0173 ir baltym\u0173 k\u016brimui, tai daro tik paskatintos mTOR fermento, tad ciklas baigiasi k\u016bnui persijungus i\u0161 autofagijos \u012f mTOR.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2-4-1024x683.jpeg\" alt=\"autofagosomos susijungimas su lizosoma\" class=\"wp-image-150547\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2-4-1024x683.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2-4-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2-4-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2-4-600x400.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2-4.jpeg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><em>Didesn\u0117 autofagosoma jungiasi su oran\u017eine lizosoma<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Egzistuoja ir atskiras autofagijos tipas, veikiantis su mitochondrija. Tai vyksta suardant atrinktas mitochondrijas <strong>mitofagijos<\/strong> proceso metu. Mitochondrija, dar viena organel\u0117, yra l\u0105stel\u0117s variklis, gaminantis mums energij\u0105. J\u0173 daug kiekvienoje l\u0105stel\u0117je &#8211; 2000 ir daugiau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Visgi, d\u0117l energijos gamybai naudojamo deguonies ir proceso metu kylan\u010dio oksidacinio streso, m\u016bs\u0173 mitochondrijos nuolat kovoja su laisvaisiais radikalais. Tai rei\u0161kia, kad jos labai jautrios bet kokiai \u017ealai, o mitochondrij\u0173 skaidymas ir atk\u016brimas yra b\u016btinas procesas, u\u017etikrinamas mitofagijos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"849\" height=\"848\" src=\"https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-06-14.jpeg\" alt=\"autofagija ir mitofagija\" class=\"wp-image-240395\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-06-14.jpeg 849w, https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-06-14-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-06-14-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-06-14-768x767.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-06-14-600x599.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-06-14-100x100.jpeg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 849px) 100vw, 849px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Kaip badavimas skatina autofagij\u0105 ir mitofagij\u0105&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Mums badaujant, energijos, kuri\u0105 k\u016bnas gauna i\u0161 maisto, kiekis suma\u017e\u0117ja. <\/strong>Tai sukelia nedidel\u012f energijos disbalans\u0105, nes jos suvartojama daugiau, nei pagaminama. <strong>Specialus k\u016bno fermentas nuolat stebi \u0161\u012f energijos balans\u0105 &#8211; jis vadinamas AMPK (adenozino monofosfatu aktyvinta proteinkinaze).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tai vyksta d\u0117l fermento galimyb\u0117s pajausti AMP-ATP santyk\u012f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ATP i\u0161skiria energij\u0105 atpalaiduojant fosfato molekul\u0119 ir skylant \u012f ADP. Kai energijos ma\u017eai, 2 ADP susijungia ir sudaro vien\u0105 ATP jungin\u012f, o jungimosi likutis &#8211; AMP. (ATP yra adenozino molekul\u0117, prie kurios prisijung\u0119 3 fosforo atomai, ADP &#8211; adenozino molekul\u0117 su 2 fosforo atomais, o AMP &#8211; adenozino molekul\u0117 su 1 fosforo atomu).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ATP = adenozino trifosfatas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ADP = adenozino difosfatas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>AMP = adenozino monofosfatas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Susijungus 2 ADP (2 + 2 fosforo atomai), susidaro ATP (3 fosforo atomai) su AMP fosforo r\u016bg\u0161ties (1 fosforo atomo) liekana.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kai padaug\u0117ja AMP ir suma\u017e\u0117ja ATP, siun\u010diamas signalas, kad k\u016bne suma\u017e\u0117jo energijos ir paskatinama AMPK. AMPK, savo ruo\u017etu, paskatina kito baltymo, vadinamo ULK1, veikl\u0105, kuris stimuliuoja membran\u0173, v\u0117liau tampan\u010di\u0173 fagoforu, gamyb\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"724\" src=\"https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-07-5-1024x724.jpeg\" alt=\"protarpinio badavimo nauda\" class=\"wp-image-234585\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-07-5-1024x724.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-07-5-300x212.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-07-5-768x543.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-07-5-600x424.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-07-5.jpeg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>NAD+ ir sirtuinai<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Badavimas taip pat padidina NAD+, oksiduoto NADH, lyg\u012f. <\/strong>NADH yra aktyvi <strong>vitamino B3 <\/strong>(b\u016btino energijos gamybai) forma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong><em>Sirtuinai yra baltym\u0173 \u0161eima, tiesiogiai skatinanti autofagij\u0105<\/em><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>D\u0117l energijos gamybos mitochondrijoje, daugiau NADH tampa NAD+. <\/strong>I\u0161aug\u0119s NAD+ &#8211; NADH santykis paskatina sirtuin\u0173 gamyb\u0105.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sirtuinai yra baltym\u0173 \u0161eima, tiesiogiai skatinanti autofagij\u0105. <\/strong>J\u0173 gamyba taip pat siejama su ilgesne gyvenimo trukme bei suaktyv\u0117jusiu DNR atk\u016brimu (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.intelligentlabs.org\/the-science-of-autophagy\/#references\">2<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tiek AMPK, tiek sirtuinai taip pat aktyvuoja kitus genus, kurie \u017einomi d\u0117l savo naudos sveikatai, tarp kuri\u0173 &#8211; FOXO \u0161eima, TFEB, PGC1A ir P53.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>FOXO \u0161eimos aktyvumas siejamas su i\u0161augusiu atsparumu stresui, ilgesne gyvenimo trukme ir ma\u017eesniu augli\u0173 (pvz. v\u0117\u017eio) paplitimu. D\u0117l \u0161io geno neveiksnios l\u0105stel\u0117s yra paskatinamos susinaikinti (apoptoz\u0117s proceso metu), o ne toliau augti ir galimai virsti augliais (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.intelligentlabs.org\/the-science-of-autophagy\/#references\">3<\/a>).<\/li><li>TFEB yra pagrindinis nauj\u0173 lizosom\u0173 gamybos stimuliatorius, tad tiesiogiai dalyvauja autofagijos procese.<\/li><li>P53 \u017einomas kaip \u201egenomo sargas\u201c, nes jis neleid\u017eia mutuoti DNR (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.intelligentlabs.org\/the-science-of-autophagy\/#references\">4<\/a>) ir u\u017ekerta keli\u0105 augli\u0173 formavimuisi (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.intelligentlabs.org\/the-science-of-autophagy\/#references\">5<\/a>).<\/li><li>PGC1A yra pagrindinis genas, skatinantis nauj\u0173 mitochondrij\u0173 gamyb\u0105. Kuo daugiau mitochondrij\u0173 turime, tuo ma\u017eiau streso jos patiria d\u0117l poreikio gaminti mums reikaling\u0105 energij\u0105. D\u0117l to energijos gamyba yra efektyvesn\u0117, o tuo pa\u010diu mes turime ma\u017eiau laisv\u0173j\u0173 radikal\u0173.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Ketoz\u0117s \u012ftaka autofagijai&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Protarpinis badavimas <\/strong>taip pat skatina riebal\u0173 audini\u0173 skaidym\u0105<strong>, \u0161itaip padidindamas laisv\u0173 riebi\u0173j\u0173 r\u016bg\u0161\u010di\u0173, pasiekian\u010di\u0173 kepenis, kiek\u012f. Tai padidina gaminam\u0173 keton\u0173 kiek\u012f <\/strong>(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.intelligentlabs.org\/the-science-of-autophagy\/#references\">1<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong><em>Ketonai yra i\u0161 riebal\u0173 sudarytos molekul\u0117s, galin\u010dios gaminti energij\u0105.<\/em><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ketonai yra i\u0161 riebal\u0173 sudarytos molekul\u0117s, galin\u010dios labai efektyviai gaminti energij\u0105. <\/strong>Keton\u0173 deginimas energijai i\u0161skiria ma\u017eiau laisv\u0173j\u0173 radikal\u0173, tad j\u0173 naudojimas suma\u017eina u\u017edegim\u0105. Ketonai taip pat skatina BDNF (\u200bneurotropin\u012f galvos smegen\u0173 faktori\u0173). BDNF yra smegen\u0173 augimo hormonas bei skatina nauj\u0173 smegen\u0173 l\u0105steli\u0173 (neuron\u0173) augim\u0105. Jis taip pat skatina nauj\u0173 sinapsi\u0173 (jung\u010di\u0173 tarp neuron\u0173) susidarym\u0105 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.intelligentlabs.org\/the-science-of-autophagy\/#references\">1<\/a>). Kuo daugiau jung\u010di\u0173 arba sinapsi\u0173 turime, tuo daugiau galime mokytis ir suprasti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Kod\u0117l 2021 m. tokios populiarios badavimo dietos?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Tad kokia nauda sveikatai i\u0161 ties\u0173 paai\u0161kinamas mokslas apie protarpin\u012f badavim\u0105?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Svorio metimas<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Dauguma \u017emoni\u0173 protarpin\u012f badavim\u0105 i\u0161bando d\u0117l svorio metimo. Tyrim\u0173 duomenimis, per 3-6 m\u0117nesius trukusius tyrimus, dalyviai numet\u0117 nuo 2,5% iki 9,9% k\u016bno mas\u0117s (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.intelligentlabs.org\/the-science-of-autophagy\/#references\">7, 8<\/a>). Be to, \u0161is svoris metamas nuo riebal\u0173 mas\u0117s, o nee raumen\u0173.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Badavimas gali pad\u0117ti sureguliuoti gliukoz\u0117s ir insulino lygius<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Taip pat nustatyta, kad protarpinis badavimas taip pat suma\u017eino diabetik\u0173 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.intelligentlabs.org\/the-science-of-autophagy\/#references\">10<\/a>), nutukusi\u0173 \u017emoni\u0173 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.intelligentlabs.org\/the-science-of-autophagy\/#references\">7<\/a>) bei nenutukusi\u0173 \u017emoni\u0173 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.intelligentlabs.org\/the-science-of-autophagy\/#references\">11<\/a>) gliukoz\u0117s ir insulino lygius. Be to, tyrimo, kuriame dalyvavo jaunos ir vir\u0161svorio turin\u010dios moterys, metu buvo nustatyta, kad suma\u017e\u0117jo ir bendro bei MTL cholesterolio, triglicerid\u0173 kiekis bei kraujo spaudimas. Fiksuotas ir u\u017edegimo rodiklio C-reaktyvinio baltymo bei hormono leptino suma\u017e\u0117jimas, o \u0161ie rodikliai \u012fprastai auga kartu su k\u016bno svoriu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Badavimas padeda sureguliuoti testosterono lyg\u012f&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tyr\u0117jai taip pat nustat\u0117 i\u0161augus\u012f SHBG (lytinius hormonus sujungian\u010dio globulino), padedan\u010dio suma\u017einti testosterono efektus, lyg\u012f. Visgi, jei moter\u0173 organizme testosterono yra per daug, tai gali sukelti nepageidaujam\u0105 \u0161alutin\u012f poveik\u012f (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.intelligentlabs.org\/the-science-of-autophagy\/#references\">12<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Intermittent Fasting Can Even Have Anti-Aging Effects<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Dauguma protarpinio badavimo ir sen\u0117jimo tyrim\u0173 atliekami <strong>gyv\u016bnams<\/strong>. Prie\u017eastis paprasta &#8211; tokius tyrimus atlikti su \u017emon\u0117mis sud\u0117tinga, nes j\u0173 ne\u012fmanoma sekti vis\u0105 gyvenim\u0105, ar bent ne u\u017etikrinti, kad jie laikosi protarpinio badavimo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Visgi, protarpinio badavimo AMPK ir sirtuin\u0173 stimuliavimas siejamas su padid\u0117jusia gyv\u016bn\u0173 gyvenimo trukme.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><em>Tyrim\u0173 duomenimis, protarpinis badavimas prailgino peli\u0173 ir be\u017ed\u017eioni\u0173 gyvenimo trukm\u0119 ir suma\u017eino su sen\u0117jimu susijusi\u0173 lig\u0173 atsiradimo rizik\u0105 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.intelligentlabs.org\/the-science-of-autophagy\/#references\">13<\/a>). Su pel\u0117mis atlikto tyrimo metu nustatyta, kad badavusios pel\u0117s taip pat i\u0161veng\u0117 raumen\u0173 mas\u0117s suma\u017e\u0117jimo, senstant nutinkan\u010dio nat\u016braliai (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.intelligentlabs.org\/the-science-of-autophagy\/#references\">9<\/a>).<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>I\u0161vados: ar i\u0161 ties\u0173 verta skatinti autofagij\u0105 protarpiniu badavimu?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Protarpinis badavimas gali tur\u0117ti daug naudos sveikatai:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Jis gali paskatinti autofagij\u0105.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Jis siejamas su ilgesne gyvenimo trukme.<\/li><li>Jis gali paskatinti nauj\u0173 mitochondrij\u0173 gamyb\u0105.<\/li><li>Jis gali suma\u017einti u\u017edegim\u0105 bei pagerinti \u0161irdies ir kraujagysli\u0173 sveikat\u0105.<\/li><li>Jis padeda numesti svorio.<\/li><li>Jis gali pad\u0117ti moterims suma\u017einti testosterono lyg\u012f.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Visgi, neskaitant nuostabios naudos, a\u0161 dar nepamin\u0117jau <strong>vienos galimos badavimo problemos. <\/strong>Mes tiesiog privalome u\u017etikrinti, kad tinkamai badaujame, o ne tiesiog mariname save badu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tinkamai badaujant, netur\u0117tum\u0117te jausti jokio \u0161alutinio poveikio, tokio kaip galvos svaigimas, silpnumas, irzlumas ar bet kokie neigiami efektai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Normalu jausti lengv\u0105 alk\u012f. Visgi, jei blogai jau\u010diat\u0117s ar negalite sulaukti, kol gal\u0117site pavalgyti, j\u016bs paskatinote badavimo atsak\u0105.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Badavimo atsakas <\/strong>prasideda kai nepagaminame pakankamai keton\u0173, kad apr\u016bpintume savo smegenis. Prie\u0161ingai &#8211; mums valgant jos negauna pakankamai energijos ir jau\u010dia gr\u0117sming\u0105 maisto tr\u016bkum\u0105. Smegenys pradeda daryti visk\u0105, kad tik sustabdyt\u0173 mus nuo bet kokios veiklos ir taupyt\u0173 energij\u0105, tad ver\u010dia mus tingiais.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I\u0161samiame vadove apie tai, <a href=\"https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/lt-lt\/protarpinio-badavimo-vadovas-svorio-metimui\/\">kaip i\u0161vengti badavimo atsako<\/a>, tad kvie\u010diu perskaityti j\u012f ir nuspr\u0119sti, ar tai jums.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Turint vis\u0105 reikaling\u0105 informacij\u0105 ir suprantant, kaip veikia protarpinis badavimas, dauguma \u017emoni\u0173 tur\u0117t\u0173 j\u012f i\u0161bandyti ir pajausti galim\u0105 jo naud\u0105 sveikatai!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Moksliniai \u0161altiniai<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>(1) Stephen D. Anton, Keelin Moehl, William T. Donahoo, Krisztina Marosi, Stephanie Lee, Arch G. Mainous, III, Christiaan Leeuwenburgh, and Mark P. Mattson, Flipping the Metabolic Switch: Understanding and Applying Health Benefits of Fasting, Obesity (Silver Spring). 2018 Feb; 26(2): 254\u2013268.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(2) Uribarri J, Woodruff S, Goodman S, Cai W, Chen X, Pyzik R, et al. Advanced glycation end products in foods and a practical guide to their reduction in the diet. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010;110: 911\u2013916<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(3) Eric L Greer &amp; Anne Brunet, FOXO transcription factors at the interface between longevity and tumor suppression, Oncogene volume 24, pages7410\u20137425(2005)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(4) Read AP, Strachan T (1999). \u201cChapter 18: Cancer Genetics\u201d. Human molecular genetics 2. New York: Wiley.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(5) Surget S, Khoury MP, Bourdon JC (December 2013). \u201cUncovering the role of p53 splice variants in human malignancy: a clinical perspective\u201d. OncoTargets and Therapy. 7: 57\u201368.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(6) Sanchis-Gomar F, Garc\u00eda-Gim\u00e9nez JL, G\u00f3mez-Cabrera MC, Pallard\u00f3 FV (2014). \u201cMitochondrial biogenesis in health and disease. Molecular and therapeutic approaches\u201d. Curr. Pharm. Des. 20 (35): 5619\u20135633.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(7) Heilbronn LK, Smith SR, Martin CK, Anton SD, Ravussin E. Alternate-day fasting in nonobese subjects: effects on body weight, body composition, and energy metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr [Internet] 2005;81:69\u201373.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(8) Byrne NMM, Sainsbury A, King NAA, Hills APP, Wood REE. Intermittent energy restriction improves weight loss efficiency in obese men: the MATADOR study. Int J Obes [Internet] 2017:1\u201310.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(9) Van Norren K, Rusli F, Van Dijk M, Lute C, Nagel J, Dijk FJ, Dwarkasing J, Boekschoten MV, Luiking Y, Witkamp RF, M\u00fcller M, Steegenga WT, Behavioural changes are a major contributing factor in the reduction of sarcopenia in caloric-restricted ageing mice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2015 Sep; 6(3):253-68.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(10) Deng X, Cheng J, Zhang Y, Li N, Chen L. Effects of caloric restriction on SIRT1 expression and apoptosis of islet beta cells in type 2 diabetic rats. Acta Diabetol. 2010;47(suppl 1):177\u201385.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(11) M\u2019guil M, Ragala MA, El Guessabi L, Fellat S, Chraibi A, Chabraoui L, et al. Is Ramadan fasting safe in type 2 diabetic patients in view of the lack of significant effect of fasting on clinical and biochemical parameters, blood pressure, and glycemic control ? Clin Exp Hypertens. 2008;30:339\u201357.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(12) Harvie MN, Pegington M, Mattson MP, Frystyk J, Dillon B, Evans G, et al. The effects of intermittent or continuous energy restriction on weight loss and metabolic disease risk markers: A randomized trial in young overweight women. Int J Obes. 2011;35:714\u201327.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(13) Beneficial effects of intermittent fasting and caloric restriction on the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems. Mattson MP, Wan RJ, Nutr Biochem. 2005 Mar; 16(3):129-37.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Protarpinis badavimas buvo pati populiariausia dieta 2020 m. Nesvarbu, ar jie laik\u0117si 16:8, ar 5:2 metodo, ar tiesiog badavo darbo dienomis, 17 milijon\u0173 amerikie\u010di\u0173 prisijung\u0117 prie \u0161ios mados. Kaip ir vis\u0173 kit\u0173 diet\u0173 atveju, \u017emon\u0117s ir \u012f\u017eymyb\u0117s tiesiog u\u017etvind\u0117 Instagram savo s\u0117km\u0117s istorijomis, su\u017eav\u0117jusiomis ir u\u017ekabinusiomis visus. 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