{"id":218949,"date":"2020-01-17T13:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-17T13:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/probiotika-na-depresi-uzkost\/"},"modified":"2025-09-23T11:47:19","modified_gmt":"2025-09-23T10:47:19","slug":"probiotika-na-depresi-uzkost","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/cs-cz\/probiotika-na-depresi-uzkost\/","title":{"rendered":"Probiotika, deprese a \u00fazkost \u2013 jak probiotika ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed to, jak se c\u00edt\u00edte"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

V\u0161ichni jsme se jist\u011b ji\u017e n\u011bkdy c\u00edtili ten zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pocit v b\u0159i\u0161e spojen\u00fd s intuic\u00ed. Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkumy potvrzuj\u00ed, \u017ee tyto pocity v b\u0159i\u0161e jsou daleko skute\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se m\u016f\u017ee na prvn\u00ed pohled zd\u00e1t. Je to proto, \u017ee na\u0161e st\u0159eva jsou doslova na\u0161\u00edm \u201e2. mozkem\u201c s vlastn\u00ed nervovou – enterickou – soustavou neboli ENS, kter\u00e1 sest\u00e1v\u00e1 z milion\u016f neuron\u016f a drah chemik\u00e1li\u00ed a hormon\u016f, kter\u00e9 zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed neust\u00e1l\u00fd pr\u016ftok informac\u00ed mezi na\u0161imi vnit\u0159nosti a na\u0161\u00edm mozkem. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku budeme diskutovat o nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdzkumu, kter\u00fd se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 souvislostmi mezi na\u0161imi st\u0159evn\u00edmi bakteriemi, probiotiky, depres\u00ed a \u00fazkost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Probiotika, deprese a \u00fazkost<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nyn\u00ed tedy v\u00edme, \u017ee to, \u017ee informace, kter\u00e9 pro\u0161ly na\u0161\u00ed ENS stejn\u011b jako se na\u0161e st\u0159evn\u00ed hormony a chemik\u00e1lie dostaly do mozku, p\u0159\u00edmo souvis\u00ed se 40 miliardami bakteri\u00ed, kter\u00e9 v ENS \u017eij\u00ed. V\u00fdzkum tak\u00e9 pouk\u00e1zal na v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly ve st\u0159evn\u00edch bakteri\u00edch mezi lidmi, kte\u0159\u00ed se pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed s depres\u00ed<\/strong> a jin\u00fdmi probl\u00e9my s du\u0161evn\u00edm zdrav\u00edm, a t\u011bmi, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou po psychick\u00e9 str\u00e1nce zdr\u00e1vi. Tyto nov\u00e9 poznatky jsou d\u016fvodem pro zcela nov\u00fd zp\u016fsob pohledu na probl\u00e9my du\u0161evn\u00edho zdrav\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spojen\u00ed mezi st\u0159evem a mozkem poprv\u00e9 p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 lety zm\u00ednil Ilja Ilji\u010d Me\u010dnikov, rusk\u00fd v\u011bdec a dr\u017eitel Nobelovy ceny, kter\u00fd se proslavil t\u00edm, \u017ee z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b pil vodu obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed bakterie cholery a p\u0159e\u017eil. Ud\u011blal to, \u010demu v\u011b\u0159il, a prok\u00e1zal t\u00edm, \u017ee s\u00edla imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu se \u010dlov\u011bk od \u010dlov\u011bka li\u0161\u00ed a \u017ee to, co m\u016f\u017ee infikovat jednoho \u010dlov\u011bka nutn\u011b nemus\u00ed infikovat druh\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spojen\u00ed mezi mozkem a st\u0159evn\u00edmi bakteriemi<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jeho p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed bylo tak\u00e9 to, \u017ee v\u0161echny oblasti t\u011bla jsou vz\u00e1jemn\u011b propojeny a l\u00e9ka\u0159i by tud\u00ed\u017e m\u011bli vn\u00edmat t\u011blo jako celek a ne l\u00e9\u010dit p\u0159\u00edznaky pouze v jedn\u00e9 problematick\u00e9 oblasti. Uv\u00e1d\u011bl tak\u00e9, \u017ee pos\u00edlen\u00ed st\u0159evn\u00edch bakteri\u00ed konzumac\u00ed fermentovan\u00fdch potravin by mohlo zlep\u0161it nejen zdravotn\u00ed stav v\u0161ech t\u011bln\u00edch oblast\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 zabr\u00e1nit demenci a degeneraci v mozku spojen\u00e9 se st\u00e1rnut\u00edm. Stal se tud\u00ed\u017e prvn\u00ed osobou, kter\u00e1 vyvinula koncept probiotik.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Ilja
Ilja Ilji\u010d Me\u010dnikov , kter\u00e9ho bych pro drink nejsp\u00ed\u0161 nikdy neposlal!<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Jeho argumenty pro celostn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k medic\u00edn\u011b v\u0161ak po jeho smrti ztratily popularitu a dal\u0161\u00edch 80 let se medic\u00edna zam\u011b\u0159ovala sp\u00ed\u0161e na jednotliv\u00e9 medic\u00ednsk\u00e9 specializace, kde l\u00e9ka\u0159i pracovali v konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch oblastech, kter\u00e9 se vz\u00e1jemn\u011b nem\u00edchaly. Gastroenterolog se tedy soust\u0159edil pouze na gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00ed trakt a j\u00e1tra a neurolog pak jen na mozek a skute\u010dnost, \u017ee by se tyto dv\u011b oblasti se mohly vz\u00e1jemn\u011b ovliv\u0148ovat nebyla br\u00e1na v potaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00edm byl vytvo\u0159en l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fd program du\u0161evn\u00edho zdrav\u00ed “naruby”, kde se modern\u00ed farmaceutick\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010diva, jako nap\u0159. antidepresiva \u010di benzodiazepiny (trankviliz\u00e9ry), zam\u011b\u0159ila pouze na l\u00e9\u010dbu mozku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Studie: spojitost mezi probiotiky, depres\u00ed a \u00fazkost\u00ed<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V posledn\u00edch letech se v\u0161ak ohnisko v\u00fdzkumu op\u011bt za\u010dalo m\u011bnit pot\u00e9, co studie zjistily jednozna\u010dnou souvislost mezi na\u0161imi st\u0159evn\u00edmi bakteriemi, depres\u00ed a \u00fazkost\u00ed. Kanad\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci z McMaster University, kte\u0159\u00ed studovali my\u0161i, zjistili, \u017ee na z\u00e1klad\u011b pod\u00e1van\u00fdch antibiotik, kter\u00e1 ovlivnila jejich st\u0159evn\u00ed bakterie (mikrobiom), dok\u00e1zali ovlivnit to, zda jsou my\u0161i klidn\u00e9 \u010di nerv\u00f3zn\u00ed nebo dokonce \u0161\u0165astn\u00e9 \u010di deprimovan\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asi V\u00e1s te\u010f napadlo, jak mohli v\u011bdci poznat, jak se my\u0161i c\u00edtily. Nen\u00ed to v\u0161ak a\u017e tak vtipn\u00e9, jak by se mohlo na prvn\u00ed pohled zd\u00e1t. My\u0161i s n\u00e1mi toti\u017e sd\u00edl\u00ed mnoho genetick\u00fdch charakteristik, v\u010detn\u011b ur\u010dit\u00e9 podoby chov\u00e1n\u00ed. Stejn\u011b jako lid\u00e9 jsou to toti\u017e spole\u010den\u0161t\u00ed a zv\u00eddav\u00ed tvorov\u00e9. My\u0161i se r\u00e1dy setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi my\u0161mi. Av\u0161ak kdy\u017e se tak nestane nebo se zm\u011bn\u00ed jejich soci\u00e1ln\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed, je to na nich zcela z\u0159ejm\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deprese tedy u my\u0161\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako u lid\u00ed, vedla k tomu, \u017ee se st\u00e1hly ze spole\u010dnosti do \u00fastran\u00ed. V\u011bdci tak\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed posoudit \u00farovn\u011b \u00fazkosti t\u00edm, \u017ee my\u0161i zavedou mezi nov\u00e9 kamar\u00e1dy, hra\u010dky nebo na nov\u00e1 m\u00edsta a nechaj\u00ed je, aby v\u0161e prozkoumaly p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e pozoruj\u00ed to jak rychle nebo zda v\u016fbec se aklimatizuj\u00ed. D\u00edky t\u011bmto pokus\u016fm je pro v\u011bdce relativn\u011b snadn\u00e9 zjistit, do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry zm\u011bna mikrobiomu u my\u0161\u00ed ovlivn\u00ed i jejich chov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed experimenty na McMaster University se soust\u0159edily na \u00fazkost u geneticky vy\u0161lecht\u011bn\u00fdch my\u0161\u00ed tak, aby m\u011bly plach\u00e9 nebo dobrodru\u017en\u00e9 rysy. V\u011bdci transplantovali plach\u00fdm my\u0161\u00edm mikrobiomy od dobrodru\u017en\u00fdch my\u0161\u00ed a zjistili, \u017ee i plach\u00e9 my\u0161i se postupem \u010dasu staly sebev\u011bdom\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi (1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160patn\u00e9 bakterie a deprese<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n
\n
\"chart-<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

V\u011bdci d\u00e1le zaznamenali k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00fd odkaz mezi v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdm pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm chov\u00e1n\u00ed my\u0161\u00ed a laboratorn\u00edmi testy. Zv\u00fd\u0161ili po\u010det \u0161patn\u00fdch bakteri\u00ed v jejich za\u017e\u00edvac\u00edm traktu, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1sledn\u011b testovali, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e zjistili ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed hladiny hormonu BDNF ( v podstat\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o nervov\u00fd r\u016fstov\u00fd hormon), a tak\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00fd po\u010det 5-HT, co\u017e jsou serotoninov\u00e9 receptory v mozku. Testy prok\u00e1zaly, \u017ee zm\u011bna mikrobiomu u my\u0161\u00ed vedla nejen ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 schopnosti tvorby nov\u00fdch mozkov\u00fdch bun\u011bk, ale my\u0161i tak\u00e9 byly m\u00e9n\u011b citliv\u00e9 na vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u010dink\u016f \u201e\u0161\u0165astn\u00e9ho\u201c neurotransmiteru – serotoninu. V\u00fdzkum tak dal vzniknout nov\u00e9mu term\u00ednu – \u201eOsa mozek-st\u0159evo\u201c – imagin\u00e1rn\u00ed linii mezi na\u0161\u00edm mozkem a st\u0159evem, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 velmi re\u00e1ln\u00fd biologick\u00fd dopad.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Probiotika a deprese \u2013 jak funguje osa mozek – st\u0159evo?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n
\n
\"chart<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

St\u0159evo a mozek obvykle udr\u017euj\u00ed \u0161\u0165astn\u00e9 m\u00e9dium. Kdy\u017e se v\u0161ak v\u011bci vych\u00fdl\u00ed z rovnov\u00e1hy a t\u011blo je vystaveno stresu, mohou se z rovnov\u00e1hy odch\u00fdlit tak\u00e9 st\u0159eva a mozek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stres m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt mnoho podob. Psychologick\u00fd stres v na\u0161em modern\u00edm usp\u011bchan\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b m\u016f\u017eeme pozorovat v\u0161ude. Finan\u010dn\u00ed t\u00edse\u0148, stres v pr\u00e1ci, traumatick\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed ud\u00e1losti a dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017eov\u00e9 situace, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1s v \u017eivot\u011b potk\u00e1vaj\u00ed, maj\u00ed na na\u0161e t\u011blo velmi re\u00e1ln\u00fd dopad a mohou zm\u011bnit na\u0161e st\u0159evn\u00ed bakterie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tak\u00e9 fyziologick\u00fd stres je opravdovou hrozbou pro na\u0161e st\u0159eva.<\/strong> Zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, nevhodn\u00e1 strava pln\u00e1 um\u011ble zpracovan\u00fdch potravin a nedostatek fermentovan\u00fdch potravin, kter\u00e9 byly mimo jin\u00e9 p\u0159irozenou a ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed stravy po celou dobu na\u0161\u00ed evoluce; u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed antibiotik \u010di jin\u00fdch l\u00e9\u010div, pesticidy, chemik\u00e1lie, kou\u0159en\u00ed a alkohol – v\u0161echny tyto faktory mohou m\u00edt na na\u0161e st\u0159eva negativn\u00ed vliv.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dokonce i stres t\u011bhotn\u00fdch \u017een se m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159en\u00e9st na jejich d\u00edt\u011b a ovlivnit jeho mikrobiom (2-3). Autorka knihy Syndrom tr\u00e1ven\u00ed a psychologie, MUDr. Natasha Campbell Mcbride, vysv\u011btluje:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cD\u00edt\u011b z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 svou st\u0159evn\u00ed fl\u00f3ru v dob\u011b narozen\u00ed, kdy\u017e proch\u00e1z\u00ed porodn\u00edm kan\u00e1lem matky. A\u0165 u\u017e v porodn\u00edm kan\u00e1lu – ve vag\u00edn\u011b matky \u017eije cokoliv, st\u00e1v\u00e1 se to st\u0159evn\u00ed fl\u00f3rou d\u00edt\u011bte. Co tedy \u017eije v mat\u010din\u011b vag\u00edn\u011b? Je to velmi bohat\u011b os\u00eddlen\u00e1 oblast \u017eensk\u00e9ho t\u011bla. Vagin\u00e1ln\u00ed fl\u00f3ra poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze st\u0159eva. Pokud m\u00e1 matka abnorm\u00e1ln\u00ed st\u0159evn\u00ed fl\u00f3ru, bude m\u00edt abnorm\u00e1ln\u00ed fl\u00f3ru i ve sv\u00e9m porodn\u00edm kan\u00e1lu.”<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stres tedy zp\u016fsobuje zm\u011bny v na\u0161\u00ed st\u0159evn\u00ed mikrobiot\u011b. Kdykoli k t\u011bmto zm\u011bn\u00e1m dojde, doch\u00e1z\u00ed v t\u011ble k reakci, kter\u00e1 se p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed do mozku, co\u017e pak ovlivn\u00ed i to, jak se c\u00edt\u00edme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0159i hlavn\u00ed dr\u00e1hy, kter\u00e9 m\u011bn\u00ed st\u0159evn\u00ed sign\u00e1l v mozku<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

#1 St\u0159evn\u00ed bakterie a imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Prvn\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm mohou na\u0161e st\u0159evn\u00ed bakterie zp\u016fsobit probl\u00e9my v mozku, je vyvol\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1n\u011btu v na\u0161em t\u011ble. Tento z\u00e1n\u011bt je zp\u016fsoben aktivac\u00ed imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd se n\u00e1s sna\u017e\u00ed chr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed nebezpe\u010d\u00edm. Z kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9ho hlediska to p\u016fsob\u00ed prosp\u011b\u0161n\u011b, tak\u017ee na\u0161e t\u011blo nap\u0159\u00edklad bojuje proti infekc\u00edm nebo pom\u00e1h\u00e1 p\u0159i hojen\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad uvid\u00edte, \u017ee kdy\u017e si vymknete kotn\u00edk, ote\u010de. P\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho \u0161patn\u00fdch bakteri\u00ed v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee zap\u0159\u00ed\u010dinit to, \u017ee se aktivace imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu prot\u00e1hne nebo se stane chronickou, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit po\u0161kozen\u00ed cel\u00e9ho t\u011bla. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u011bdeck\u00fdch studi\u00ed ji\u017e bylo prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee tato aktivace m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit depresi a \u00fazkost (4,5)<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

B\u011bhem aktivace imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu jsou produkov\u00e1ny molekuly zvan\u00e9 cytokiny, kter\u00e9 d\u00e1vaj\u00ed sign\u00e1l ostatn\u00edm bu\u0148k\u00e1m, aby vyvolaly z\u00e1n\u011btlivou odpov\u011b\u010f. Cytokiny tedy nap\u0159\u00edklad vy\u0161lou sign\u00e1l mozku, kter\u00fd zareaguje produkc\u00ed stresov\u00fdch hormon\u016f, jako je kortizol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m k vyvol\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1n\u011btu lze spustit tak\u00e9 t\u00edm, kdy\u017e zm\u011bna mikrobiomu zp\u016fsob\u00ed, \u017ee se ve st\u0159evn\u00ed sliznici za\u010dnou tvo\u0159it drobn\u00e9 otvory (tento stav je zn\u00e1m\u00fd tak\u00e9 pod pojmem “propustn\u00e9 st\u0159evo”).<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"vliv<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Tento stav je nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd t\u00edm, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee umo\u017enit pr\u016fnik toxick\u00fdch molekul naz\u00fdvan\u00fdch lipopolysacharidy (LPS) skrz st\u0159evn\u00ed st\u011bnu. Tyto LPS molekuly \u017eij\u00ed v bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch membr\u00e1n\u00e1ch na\u0161ich st\u0159evn\u00edch bakteri\u00ed a po jejich odum\u0159en\u00ed jsou vylou\u010deny. Obvykle na\u0161e t\u011blo bezpe\u010dn\u011b opust\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b se stolic\u00ed. Nebezpe\u010d\u00ed v\u0161ak vznik\u00e1 ve chv\u00edli, kdy\u017e jim na\u0161e (propustn\u00e9) st\u0159evo dovol\u00ed proniknout do t\u011bla, co\u017e zp\u016fsob\u00ed  silnou z\u00e1n\u011btlivou odpov\u011b\u010f imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud jsou zm\u011bny v mikrobiot\u011b dostate\u010dn\u011b velk\u00e9, z\u00e1n\u011bt m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit zm\u011bny tak\u00e9 v hematoencefalick\u00e9 bari\u00e9\u0159e. Bari\u00e9ra krve a mozku je membr\u00e1na, kter\u00e1 odd\u011bluje krev od tekutin v mozku. Tato bari\u00e9ra norm\u00e1ln\u011b propou\u0161t\u00ed pouze ur\u010dit\u00e9, velmi pe\u010dliv\u011b vybran\u00e9 molekuly, ale z\u00e1n\u011bt m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit, \u017ee se stane propustn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a umo\u017en\u00ed tak vstup i molekul\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 by tam b\u00fdt nem\u011bly a kter\u00e9 nav\u00edc mohou b\u00fdt pro bu\u0148ky na\u0161eho mozku toxick\u00e9. To br\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161emu mozku ve vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00fdch nervov\u00fdch spojen\u00ed, tak\u017ee se m\u00e1me probl\u00e9m se u\u010dit a rozv\u00edjet se a z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1me uv\u011bzn\u011bni v negativn\u00edch vzorc\u00edch chov\u00e1n\u00ed (5).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#2 St\u0159evn\u00ed bakterie a bloudiv\u00fd nerv<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Druh\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak mohou na\u0161e st\u0159eva ovlivnit n\u00e1\u0161 mozek, je skrze bloudiv\u00fd nerv (nervus vagus). Bloudiv\u00fd nerv je nejdel\u0161\u00ed nerv v t\u011ble, kter\u00fd vych\u00e1z\u00ed z mozku a vede a\u017e do st\u0159eva,p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e \u0159\u00edd\u00ed srdce, pl\u00edce i za\u017e\u00edvac\u00ed trakt. Pokud je v na\u0161em st\u0159ev\u011b nerovnov\u00e1ha, m\u016f\u017ee tento nerv vyslat sign\u00e1l mozku, \u010d\u00edm\u017e zp\u016fsob\u00ed z\u00e1n\u011btlivou odpov\u011b\u010f. M\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 zap\u0159\u00ed\u010dinit to, \u017ee mozek uvoln\u00ed do t\u011bla i samotn\u00e9ho mozku stresov\u00e9 hormony. Tyto hormony pak mohou ovliv\u0148ovat oblasti mozku, jako jsou prefront\u00e1ln\u00ed k\u016fra a limbick\u00fd syst\u00e9m, kter\u00e9 nesou zodpov\u011bdnost za na\u0161e rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed, hn\u011bv \u010di strach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nervus vagus m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 receptory pro cytokiny produkovan\u00e9 imunitn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem a jedn\u00e1 se tedy o dal\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob, kter\u00fdm lze mozku signalizovat z\u00e1n\u011bt v t\u011ble.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#3 Neurotransmitery a st\u0159evn\u00ed bakterie<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n
\n
\"Bloudiv\u00fd
Bloudiv\u00fd nerv proch\u00e1z\u00ed t\u011blem<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Posledn\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm st\u0159eva ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed to, jak se c\u00edt\u00edme, je prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm produkce neurotransmiter\u016f. Bakterie na\u0161ich vnit\u0159nost\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed neurotransmitery – serotonin, GABA, dopamin a norepinefrin. Serotonin je l\u00e1tka “\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed a radosti”, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1s udr\u017euje v dobr\u00e9 n\u00e1lad\u011b a nen\u00ed tud\u00ed\u017e divu, \u017ee se stal sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed antidepresiv SSRI (selektivn\u00ed inhibitory zp\u011btn\u00e9ho vychyt\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed serotoninu). 80% – 90% serotoninu v t\u011ble je produkov\u00e1no pr\u00e1v\u011b v na\u0161ich st\u0159evech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neurotransmiter GABA je n\u00e1\u0161 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed relaxant, ten, kter\u00fd n\u00e1s zklid\u0148uje. Dopamin n\u00e1m v \u017eivot\u011b dod\u00e1v\u00e1 motivaci – chu\u0165 r\u00e1no vst\u00e1t z postele ale tak\u00e9 pocity radosti a odm\u011bny, nap\u0159\u00edklad kdy\u017e si sednete k dobr\u00e9mu j\u00eddlu, nebo jste pr\u00e1v\u011b dostali v pr\u00e1ci p\u0159id\u00e1no.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Norepinefrin naproti tomu stimuluje stresovou reakci “bojovat nebo ut\u00e9ct”. Tak\u017ee kdy\u017e probl\u00e9my v na\u0161em st\u0159ev\u011b negativn\u011b ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed tyto neurotransmitery bu\u010f zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm nebo sn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm jejich produkce, m\u016f\u017ee to m\u00edt siln\u00fd vliv na na\u0161e du\u0161evn\u00ed zdrav\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Probiotika na depresi a probiotika na \u00fazkost<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Dobrou zpr\u00e1vou je, \u017ee nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum ukazuje, \u017ee tyto zm\u011bny st\u0159evn\u00edch bakteri\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 stresem a n\u00e1sledn\u00e1 reakce t\u011bla na n\u011b mohou b\u00fdt zvr\u00e1ceny probiotiky \u010di fermentovan\u00fdmi potravinami. V\u00fdzkum na lidech je v\u0161ak st\u00e1le na po\u010d\u00e1tku. Zt\u011b\u017euje jej taky fakt, \u017ee a v\u011bdci nemaj\u00ed s lidmi stejnou svobodu jako s my\u0161mi – \u010dlov\u011bka samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nem\u016f\u017eete geneticky modifikovat, aby m\u011bl ur\u010ditou st\u0159evn\u00ed mikrobiotu. Prvn\u00ed studie v\u0161ak p\u0159inesly skv\u011bl\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad studie zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e1 v b\u0159eznu tohoto roku v \u010dasopise Nutrition se zam\u011b\u0159ila na lidi trp\u00edc\u00ed depres\u00ed (MDD). Polovin\u011b \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016fm byla pod\u00e1v\u00e1na probiotika a druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b placebo. V\u011bdci na konci 8 t\u00fddn\u016f zm\u011b\u0159ili vedle hladin inzul\u00ednu a z\u00e1n\u011btu (m\u011b\u0159eno krevn\u00edm markerem zvan\u00fdm C-reaktivn\u00ed protein) tak\u00e9 m\u00edru deprese. V\u00fdsledek prok\u00e1zal, \u017ee po osmi t\u00fddnech do\u0161lo u lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed u\u017e\u00edvali probiotika k mnohem v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed deprese, inzul\u00ednu i z\u00e1n\u011btu v t\u011ble ne\u017e u u\u017eivatel\u016f placeba (6).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nizozem\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci tak\u00e9 nazna\u010dili, \u017ee kojenc\u016fm narozen\u00fdch matk\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 za\u017e\u00edvaly b\u011bhem t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed p\u0159em\u00edru stresu, mohou probiotika pomoci napravit t\u00edm zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 po\u0161kozen\u00ed mikrobiomu (2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159edchoz\u00ed studie z roku 2011 zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e1 v p\u0159\u00edhodn\u011b pojmenovan\u00e9m \u010dasopise Gut Microbes (St\u0159evn\u00ed mikroby) zjistila, \u017ee pouh\u00e9 2 t\u00fddny u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed probiotik by mohly zm\u00edrnit p\u0159\u00edznaky deprese a \u00fazkosti, a tak\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017eit hladinu stresov\u00e9ho hormonu – kortizolu (7). Tak\u00e9 studie z roku 2015 z College of William and Mary, kter\u00e1 byla publikov\u00e1na v magaz\u00ednu Psychiatry Research, zkoumala stravovac\u00ed n\u00e1vyky 700 student\u016f a zjistila, \u017ee ti, kte\u0159\u00ed konzumovali v\u00edce fermentovan\u00fdch potravin, trp\u011bli soci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fazkost\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b, ne\u017e ti, kte\u0159\u00ed tyto potraviny nekonzumovali (8).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nejlep\u0161\u00ed probiotika na depresi a nejlep\u0161\u00ed probiotika na \u00fazkost?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Zat\u00edmco tedy v\u00fdzkum vypad\u00e1 velmi slibn\u011b, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 vybrat tak\u00e9 probiotika v t\u00e9 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed kvalit\u011b<\/a>. Ne v\u0161echna probiotika jsou stejn\u00e1, na trhu existuje velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed zna\u010dek nab\u00edzej\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpravky n\u00edzk\u00e9 kvality. Hledejte siln\u00e1 probiotika (50 miliard CFU v jedn\u00e9 kapsli), kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed mnoho kmen\u016f \u017eiv\u00fdch kultur, s nejm\u00e9n\u011b 5 miliardami CFU na kmen (idel\u00e1ln\u011b t\u0159eba 10 kmen\u016f s 50 miliardami CFU v jedn\u00e9 kapsli).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 naj\u00edt probiotick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed patentovan\u00e9 kmeny, kter\u00e9 jsou odoln\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di \u017ealude\u010dn\u00edm kyselin\u00e1m a teplu, tak\u017ee V\u00e1m z lahvi\u010dky nebo \u017ealudku nezmiz\u00ed, ale dostanou se v hojn\u00e9m po\u010dtu a\u017e do st\u0159eva. Je tedy dobr\u00e9 zam\u011b\u0159it se na \u010d\u00edslo uveden\u00e9 za kmenem, nap\u0159\u00edklad Bifidobacterium longum BI-05. BI-05 je specifick\u00fd kmen podlo\u017een\u00fd v\u00fdzkumem. Pokud po kmeni nen\u00ed uvedeno \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo, pak spole\u010dnost pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b pou\u017eije levn\u00e9 generick\u00e9 kmeny bez prok\u00e1zan\u00fdch zdravotn\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f a je lep\u0161\u00ed se takov\u00fdmto dopl\u0148k\u016fm vyhnout.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm varovn\u00fdm sign\u00e1lem mohou b\u00fdt probiotika, u nich\u017e v\u00fdrobce tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee je t\u0159eba je skladovat v ledni\u010dce. Patentovan\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00e9 kmeny to toti\u017e nevy\u017eaduj\u00ed. Nav\u00edc je t\u0159eba myslet i na to, \u017ee takov\u00e1to probiotika se b\u011bhem skladov\u00e1n\u00ed ani p\u0159epravy v chladni\u010dk\u00e1ch neuchov\u00e1vaj\u00ed, tak\u017ee je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee mnoho bakteri\u00ed odum\u0159e je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e se k V\u00e1m dostanou. Hledejte tak\u00e9 probiotika, kter\u00e1 se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b s prebiotiky.<\/a> Prebiotika jsou toti\u017e potrava pro probiotika a jejich p\u0159\u00edtomnost tud\u00ed\u017e zajist\u00ed to, aby se do Va\u0161eho st\u0159eva dostalo co nejv\u00edce \u017eiv\u00fdch dobr\u00fdch bakteri\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reference:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) Premysl Bercik, Emmanuel Denou, Josh Collins, Wendy Jackson, Jun Lu, Jennifer Jury, Yikang Deng, Patricia Blennerhassett, Joseph Macri, Kathy D. McCoy, Elena F. Verdu, Stephen M. Collins, The Intestinal Microbiota Affect Central Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor and Behavior in Mice, Gastroenterology, August 2011,Volume 141, Issue 2, Pages 599\u2013609.e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) Zijlmans M, Korpela K & Riksen-Walraven JM (2015). Maternal prenatal stress is associated with the infant\u2019s intestinal microbiota.Psychoneuroendocrinology. 53:233-45.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) John Cryan (University College Cork, Ireland), How Bacteria Can Cause Mood and Psychotic Disorders?\u201d. GUT BRAIN SYMPOSIUM 2016. https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hxUsoQqKVg4<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(4) Miller AH, Raison CL. The role of inflammation in depression: from evolutionary imperative to modern treatment target. Nat Rev Immunol. 2016;16:22\u201334. This study outlines the current evidence for inflammation in the etiology and pathophysiology of depression and the rationale for anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory approaches to treatment of depression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(5) Braniste V, Al-Asmakh M, Kowal C, Anuar F, Abbaspour A, T\u00f3th M, Korecka A, Bakocevic N, Ng LG, Kundu P, Guly\u00e1s B, Halldin C, Hultenby K, Nilsson H, Hebert H, Volpe BT, Diamond B, Pettersson S11. The gut microbiota influences blood-brain barrier permeability in mice. Sci Transl Med. 2014 Nov 19;6(263):263ra158.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(6) Akkasheh G, Kashani-Poor Z & Tajabadi-Ebrahimi M et al (2016). Clinical and metabolic response to probiotic administration in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Nutrition. Vol 32. Issue 3. PP 315\u201320.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(7) Messaoudi M, Violle N, & Bisson JF et al. (2011) Beneficial psychological effects of a probiotic formulation (Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175) in healthy human volunteers, Gut Microbes, 2:4, 256-261.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(8) Matthew R. Hilimire, Jordan E. DeVylder, Catherine A. Forestell, Fermented foods, neuroticism, and social anxiety: An interaction model Psychiatry Research, August 15, 2015Volume 228, Issue 2, Pages 203\u2013208<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(9) Steenbergen L, Sellaro R, & van Hemert et al. (2015). A randomized controlled trial to test the effect of multispecies probiotics on cognitive reactivity to sad mood. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. Vol 48. PP 258\u2013264.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u0161ichni jsme se jist\u011b ji\u017e n\u011bkdy c\u00edtili ten zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pocit v b\u0159i\u0161e spojen\u00fd s intuic\u00ed. Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkumy potvrzuj\u00ed, \u017ee tyto pocity v b\u0159i\u0161e jsou daleko skute\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se m\u016f\u017ee na prvn\u00ed pohled zd\u00e1t. Je to proto, \u017ee na\u0161e st\u0159eva jsou doslova na\u0161\u00edm \u201e2. mozkem\u201c s vlastn\u00ed nervovou – enterickou – soustavou neboli ENS, kter\u00e1 sest\u00e1v\u00e1…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":132677,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2621],"tags":[],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-218949","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vyziva"],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":2621,"label":"V\u00fd\u017eiva"}]},"featured_image_src_large":["https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/probiotics-depression-and-anxiety-how-probiotics-change-how-you-feel-05-1024x512.jpg",1024,512,true],"author_info":{"display_name":"David Pashley","author_link":"https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/cs-cz\/author\/david\/"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":2621,"name":"V\u00fd\u017eiva","slug":"vyziva","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":2621,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":61,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":2621,"category_count":61,"category_description":"","cat_name":"V\u00fd\u017eiva","category_nicename":"vyziva","category_parent":0}],"tag_info":false,"wpml":{"language":"cs-cz","is_original":false,"original_post_id":132670,"translations":{"cs-cz":{"id":218949,"language":"cs-cz","is_original":false},"da-dk":{"id":222321,"language":"da-dk","is_original":false},"de-at":{"id":169256,"language":"de-at","is_original":false},"de-de":{"id":32214,"language":"de-de","is_original":false},"en-gb":{"id":132670,"language":"en-gb","is_original":true},"en-ie":{"id":166837,"language":"en-ie","is_original":false},"es-es":{"id":2756,"language":"es-es","is_original":false},"fr-fr":{"id":2819,"language":"fr-fr","is_original":false},"it-it":{"id":32154,"language":"it-it","is_original":false},"nl-be":{"id":217865,"language":"nl-be","is_original":false},"nl-nl":{"id":182305,"language":"nl-nl","is_original":false},"pl-pl":{"id":196767,"language":"pl-pl","is_original":false},"pt-pt":{"id":167948,"language":"pt-pt","is_original":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/cs-cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/218949","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/cs-cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/cs-cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/cs-cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/cs-cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=218949"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/cs-cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/218949\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":251487,"href":"https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/cs-cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/218949\/revisions\/251487"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/cs-cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/132677"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/cs-cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=218949"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/cs-cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=218949"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/cs-cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=218949"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eu.intelligentlabs.org\/cs-cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=218949"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}